高級ブランドのバックメーカー、ルイビトンが商標権侵害、ダイリューション、著作権侵害で訴えた結果、ユーモアのセンスに欠けるとして敗訴したマイアザーバック（My Other Bag）事件、所謂Parody Defenseで抗弁して成功した例です。アメリカの裁判官は、ジョークも文化の一部と理解しています。日本では、吉本興業の”面白い恋人”がParodyの先例になりそうでしたが、和解してしまいました。もし日本でパロディ的な商品を出すと、まだまだ叩かれそうです。日本の裁判官のパロディの理解度の向上は、今後に期待したいところです。
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….Louis Vuitton sued MOB for trademark infringement, trademark dilution by blurring, and copyright infringement. The court ruled that MOB’s line of bags were protected as fair use on the basis that use of Louis Vuitton’s trademarks constituted “parody.” Parody is a defense to both trademark dilution and trademark infringement claims. One of the relevant factors in assessing a dilution claim is whether the defendant’s use of the plaintiff’s mark creates any actual association between the defendant’s use and the plaintiff’s famous mark. Similarly, the key factor in a trademark infringement claim is whether there is any likelihood that purchasers are likely to be misled or confused as to the source of the goods. Because a successful parody clearly indicates to the consumer that the defendant is not connected in any way to the trademark owner, there is no association with the plaintiff’s goods and consumers are not likely to be misled or confused. The court found that that the defendant’s use of the mark is an obvious parody because the whole point of the MOB bags is to play on the well-known “my other car …” joke by playfully suggesting the consumer’s “other bag” is a Louis Vuitton bag.
The court openly criticized Louis Vuitton by stating it is “perhaps unfamiliar with the ‘my other car’ trope. Or maybe it just cannot take a joke.” In any event, the court found the MOB bags are clearly a joke and meant to be taken in jest.The court also ruled that MOB’s bags are protected as fair use of Louis Vuitton’s copyrights. “Parody, even when done for commercial gain, can be fair use.” Further, the court found that the use of Louis Vuitton’s patterns is reasonable in relation to the purpose of the use. MOB used enough of Louis Vuitton’s pattern, but not more than necessary to communicate the parody of Louis Vuitton’s bags.”
Louis Vuitton Malletier SA v. My Other Bag Inc., Case No. 1:14-cv-03419 (S.D.N.Y., January 8, 2016).
This article discusses the parody defense in copyright and trademark cases and provides insight into what brand owners and legal practitioners should consider when bringing or defending potential claims.
情報源: Parody Products: When Should Brand Owners “Smile or Laugh” and When Should They Sue?
